According to the report, the world produces about
four billion metric tonnes of food a year but 1.2 to 2 billion tonnes is not
eaten. The report said that between 30% and 50% of the four billion tonnes of
food produced around the world each year went to waste.
"This level of wastage is a tragedy that
cannot continue if we are to succeed in the challenge of sustainably meeting our
future food demands."
"Thirty percent of what is
harvested from the field never actually reaches the marketplace (primarily the
supermarket) due to trimming, quality selection and failure to conform to
purely cosmetic criteria," it said.
Of the food which does reach
supermarket shelves, 30-50 percent of what is bought in developed countries is
thrown away by customers, often due to poor understanding of "best
before" and "use by" dates.
A "use by" date is when there is a health
risk associated with using food after that date. A "best before" date
is more about quality - when it expires it does not necessarily mean food is
harmful but it may lose some flavour and texture.
However, many consumers do not
know the difference between the labels and bin food after "best
before" dates. Promotional offers and bulk discounts also encourage
shoppers to buy large quantities in excess of their needs.
In developed countries, like Britain, efficient
farming methods, transport and storage mean that most of the wastage occurs
through retail and customer behaviour.
The report also established that about
10.2 billion pounds worth of food is thrown away from homes every year, with
one billion pounds worth being perfectly edible, the report found. By contrast,
in less developed countries, such as in sub-Saharan Africa or South East Asia,
wastage mostly happens due to inefficient harvesting and poor handling and
storage.
Dr Tim
Fox, head of energy and environment at the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,
said: "The amount of food wasted and lost around the world is staggering.
This is food that could be used to feed the world's growing population - as
well as those in hunger today.
"It
is also an unnecessary waste of the land, water and energy resources that were
used in the production, processing and distribution of this food.”
"The
reasons for this situation range from poor engineering and agricultural
practices, inadequate transport and storage infrastructure through to
supermarkets demanding cosmetically perfect foodstuffs and encouraging
consumers to overbuy through buy-one-get-one-free offers."
"This
is food that could be used to feed the world's growing population - as well as
those in hunger today," said Dr Tim Fox, head of energy and environment at
the IME.
The United Nations predicts global population will
peak at around 9.5 billion people by 2075, meaning there will be an additional
2.5 billion people to feed.
The rising population, together
with improved nutrition and shifting diets will put pressure for increases in
global food supply over the coming decades.
Rising food and commodity prices
will drive the need to reduce waste, making the practice of discarding edible
fruit and vegetables on cosmetic grounds less economically viable. However,
governments should not wait for food pricing to trigger action on this wasteful
practice, but produce policies that change consumer behaviour and dissuade
retailers from operating in this way, the study said.
Rapidly developing countries like China and Brazil
have developed infrastructure to transport crops, gain access to export markets
and improve storage facilities but they need to avoid the mistakes made by
developed nations and make sure they are efficient and well-maintained.
Poorer countries require
significant investment to improve their infrastructure, the report said. For
example, Ethiopia is considering developing a national network of grain storage
facilities which is expected to cost at least $1 billion.
"This scale of investment
will be required for multiple commodities and in numerous countries, and
co-ordinated efforts are going to be essential," the report said.
The Institution of Mechanical Engineers review
draws heavily on work carried out over a number of years for the Food and
Agriculture Organisation of UN.
Nice post with awesome points! Can’t wait for the next one.
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